< PreviousAECOM archaeologists recovered this free-blown bell-shaped glass artifact during excavations along I-95 in the Kensington-Fishtown section of Philadelphia. Its shape and size indicate two possible uses. Holding the opening downward gives it the form of a bell-glass, also called a garden bell or cloche. In the opposite position, it could be the shade of a lighting device, which would have Spring in the heart of wintergardening UNDER GLASS(Above) Free-blown bell-glass, mid-nineteenth century, 8 inches high, 7-inch circumference. Photograph by Thomas J. Kutys, 2015. (Left) Modern bell-glass. Private collection, photograph by Thomas Kutys, 2015. been fitted with a metal armature and suspended by chains. Although the proportions of the glass are appropriate for a shade and the shape of the knob is correct for a metal fitting, it is likely the artifact was actually used as a bell-glass because it shows considerable wear along the flared rim. Also, it is made of unrefined aquamarine window or bottle glass. Most lamp shades of this period, including those found in the same feature, are colorless lead glass. Such shades were being blown at Union Glass Works, located directly across the street from where this artifact was found. Gardeners use bell-glasses as incubators in the early spring and fall to force seed germination and plant cuttings, thus extending the growing season. The dome-shaped glass traps heat and moisture, while protecting delicate seedlings from harsh winds, unpredictable frosts, deer, and other pests. Varying in size, bell-glasses can be as large as 2 feet in diameter or small enough to fit within the rim of a single pot. Archaeological evidence documents the use of English bell-glasses in colonial Virginia, and they were among the earliest products made in American glass factories. Records from Henry William Stiegel’s glasshouse in Manheim, Pennsylvania, indicate that they were being made in 1767.1 John Elliott, owner of the Philadelphia Glass Works in Kensington-Fishtown, advertised them along with other glassware in the Pennsylvania Packet on February 27, 1775.2 Philadelphian Bernard McMahon, Thomas Jefferson’s horticulture confidant and the curator of Lewis and Clark’s plant specimens, provided instruction for their use in his American Gardener’s Calendar. In this popular text, reprinted often between 1806 and 1857, McMahon advises, for example, that “Cauliflowers under hand or bell-glasses must also have air every mild day, by raising the glasses two or three inches on the warmest side; in sharp weather keep them close; in severe frost lay some litter round, and straw or mats over each glass.”3 This garden bell, which dates from about 1830–1850, is of particular significance because it is part of the larger story of itinerant glassworkers and the difficulty inherent in trying to identify the origin of glass artifacts. It was recovered with an amazing array of glass, ceramics, and other artifacts on property where three fishermen, the Faunce brothers, lived side by side. Christian R. Faunce (1810–1902), the brother living at 609 Richmond (formerly Queen) Street, married Margaret Huffsey in 1833.4 In 1815, Margaret’s brother, Samuel Huffsey, was a glassblower apprenticed to a well-established family of glassblowers, the Stangers, in Port Elizabeth, New Jersey. According to details in his journal, between 1823 and 1841, Samuel relocated seven times, moving repeatedly between Kensington-Fishtown and South Jersey, and even venturing west to Pittsburgh. His accounts confirm that he and his fellow glassblowers regularly worked on both sides of the Delaware River—whether at glass factories or seasonal odd jobs.5 The pale aquamarine color of the bell-glass is often attributed to South Jersey, but flasks of the exact same color were made at Dyottville Glass Works in Philadelphia. The exchange of objects, ideas, knowledge, and skill between the glassblowers in Kensington-Fishtown and South Jersey demonstrates that the “South Jersey tradition” was regional, not limited to factories east of the Delaware River. - Mary C. MillsMary C. Mills, historic glass specialist at AECOM, has over 20 years’ experience in material culture, museum studies, and education. She lectures extensively and has taught European and American glass history at the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, Sotheby’s Institute of Art, Winterthur Museum, and the Smithsonian. River Chronicles | Vol 1 | 2016 | 41 From the Editor Grace H. Ziesing1. Neighborhoods in Philadelphia, as in any city, have been fluid over time, and the boundaries we have chosen to use for the I-95 Project (as shown on the banner map in Tull’s introductory article) represent an analytical construct that allows us to organize our data in a consistent and logical manner. Fishtown is actually an unofficial neighborhood within what was, between 1820 and 1854, Kensington District. After 1854, when the city of Philadelphia was consolidated, Fishtown and Kensington became neighborhoods in Philadelphia. As the location of many of the archaeological sites in the I-95 Project could be described as either Kensington or Fishtown, depending on the era or even the person making the determination, we have decided to refer to the project area within the boundaries of the former Kensington District as “Kensington-Fishtown.”Introduction Stephen W. Tull1. Agnes Heller, Everyday Life (London: Kegan & Paul, 1984).2. It is very likely that the timeline will be extended much further into the past, as future sites are excavated and analyzed. To date, 10 Native American sites and 14 historic sites have been identified, exposing numerous hearths and over 400 historical shaft features, and yielding over 1,000,000 artifacts.Peering into the Privies of the Past George Cress and Daniel B. Eichinger III1. Carole Shammas, “The Space Problem in Early United States Cities,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, 57(3) (2000): 505–542, accessed May 11, 2010, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2674264.2. Joel A.Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink (Technology and the Environment): Urban Pollution in Historical Perspective (Akron, OH: University Of Akron Press, 1996), 132.3. Joan H. Geismar, “Where Is Night Soil? Thoughts on an Urban Privy,” Historical Archaeology 27(2): Health, Sanitation, and Foodways In Historical Archaeology (1993), 57–60.4. “Philadelphia Board of Health Rules and Regulations,” in The Laws of Pennsylvania in Relation to the Board of Health and the Health Laws of the City and County of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA: Crissy and Markley Printers, 1848).5. Maureen Ogle, “Domestic Reform and American Household Plumbing, 1840–1870,” Winterthur Portfolio 28(1) (Spring, 1993), 33–586. “Philadelphia Board of Health Rules and Regulations.” 7. Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor: Cyclopedia of the Conditions and Earnings, Volume III (London: Griffin, Bohn, and Company, 1861).8. Geismar, “Night Soil,” 59.9. “Philadelphia Board of Health Rules and Regulations.”10. “City Gleanings,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia, PA), August 3, 1841, 2.11. Public Ledger, December 6, 1841, 2.12. John L. Cotter, Daniel G. Roberts, and Michael Parrington, The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), 307.Hot Out of the (Rock) Oven Jeremy W. Koch1. Stephen L. Black and Alston V. Thoms, “Hunter-Gatherer Earth Ovens in the Archaeological Record: Fundamental Concepts,” American Antiquity 79 (2009): 203–226.2. Alston V. Thoms, “The Fire Stones Carry: Ethnographic Record and Archaeological Expectation for Hot-Rock Cookery in Western North America,” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 27 (2008): 443–460.3. Suzanne K. Fish, Paul R. Fish, Charles Miksicek, and John Madsen, “Prehistoric Agave Cultivation in Southern Arizona,” Desert Plants 7 (1985): 107–112.Endnotes, Citations, & References42 | Vol 1 | 2016 | River Chronicles4. LuAnne Wandsnider, “The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking,” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 16 (1997): 1–48.5. Walter Hough, Fire as an Agent in Human Culture (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1926).6. Alston V. Thoms, “Rocks of Ages: Propagation of Hot-Rock Cookery in Western North America,” Journal of Archaeological Science 36 (2009): 573–591.7. Jay F. Custer, Prehistoric Cultures of Eastern Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1996).Traces of Lenapehoking Douglas Mooney1. The entire territory Lenape people occupied encompassed lands on both the east and west sides of the Delaware River, and extended from what is today southern New York to northern Delaware.2. John L. Cotter, Daniel G. Roberts, and Michael Parrington, The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), 7.3. James M. Adavasio and Jake Page, The First Americans: In Search of Archaeology’s Greatest Mystery (New York, NY: The Modern Library, 2003).4. Darrin L. Lowery, Michael A. O’Neal, John S. Wah, Daniel P. Wagner, and Dennis J. Stanford, “Late Pleistocene Upland Stratigraphy of the Western Delmarva Peninsula, USA,” Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29 (2010): 1472–1480.5. Cotter, Roberts, and Parrington, The Buried Past, 10.6. For an overview of the Native American sites identified in Philadelphia prior to the start of the I-95/Girard Avenue project, see the online exhibit and discussion on the Philadelphia Archaeological Forum website’s page “Native American Sites in the City of Philadelphia—Elusive but Not Gone” by Douglas Mooney (2010), accessed May 2015, http://www.phillyarchaeology.net/philly-archaeology/exhibits-to-see-online-and-in-person/native-american-sites-in-the-city-of-philadelphia-elusive-but-not-gone. 7. For an overview of the ways in which Native American cultures of the Delaware Valley have adapted and changed over time, see “Native American Context” on the Digging I-95 website, accessed May 2015, http://diggingi95.com/project-information/prehistoric-context. 8. Depending on how this word was translated by Euro-Americans studying the Lenape language, it was thought to mean either “the meeting place of chiefs” or “the place of eels.” Peter S. du Ponceau and J. F. Fisher, “A Memoir of the Celebrated Treaty made by William Penn with the Indians under the Elm Tree at Shackamaxon, in 1682,” in Memoirs of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Volume 3, Part 2 (Philadelphia, PA: M’Carty and Davis, 1836), 141–204.Serenading Moon Man Rebecca L. White1. Kyle Husfloen, Antique Trader Pottery and Porcelain Ceramics Price Guide (Iola, WI: Krause Publishing, 2006), 631–632.2. Ralph Kovel and Terry Kovel, Kovels’ New Dictionary of Marks (New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1986), 112.3. Husfloen, Antique Trader, 631–632.4. L. J. Gage, Treasury Decisions Under Tariff and Internal Revenue Laws, Etc., Vol. I, January 1 to June 30 1899 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1899), 818.5. Carlos Lopez, Schafer & Vater: German Figural Flasks, Nippers & Giveaways, accessed February 2016, http://www.schafer-vater.com/.6. Husfloen, Antique Trader, 631–632.River Chronicles | Vol 1 | 2016 | 43Good for a Drink or Segar Thomas J. Kutys and Samuel A. Pickard1. David E. Schenkman, Merchant Tokens of Hard Rubber and Similar Compositions (Bryantown: Jade House Publications, 1991), 12.2. “Arthur Chambers’ Champion’s Rest,” Sporting Life (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 3 June 1883, p. 8.3. “Hard Fights for Licenses,” Times (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 20 March 1896, p. 4.4, “Rat-Catchers,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 13 January 1882, p. 1, col. 5.5. “Rat-Catchers,” p. 1, col. 5; “Men Rat Catchers,” Fort Wayne (Indiana) Daily Gazette, 24 January 1882, p. 3; “Rat-Catching Extraordinary,” Milan (Tennessee) Exchange, 28 January 1882, p. 3; “Rat-Catching Extraordinary,” Nebraska Advertiser, 9 February 1882, p. 6.6. William Edwards, Art of Boxing and Science of Self-Defense, Together With a Manual of Training (New York: Excelsior Publishing House, 1888), 24-25.7. James Gopsill’s Sons, compiler, Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia: James Gopsill’s Sons), 1891:1485; 1892:1531.8. The token found at the Gunner’s Run South Site is actually one of two varieties known to have been produced for the Champion’s Rest. The other, not shown in this article, was made of black hard rubber and read “POOL / GOOD FOR / 5 CTS. / AT THE BAR / CHECK” on its reverse. The embossing with Arthur Chambers’ name and the addresses of the saloon is identical to the red variety discussed here. See Schenkman 1991: 167.9. 1850 U.S. census, 1st Ward, Kensington District, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, population schedule, p. 30A (stamped), p. 59 (penned), dwelling 402, family 505, Thomas and Anna Gold [Gould], and Susan McKinney; 1900 U.S. census, 18th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 0354, p. 84B (stamped), p. 3B (penned), dwelling 43, family 52, Thos. Gould.10. “England, Select Derbyshire, Church of England Parish Registers, 1538-1910,” database, Ancestry.com, (http://www.ancestry.com/search), entry for William Gould, baptized 18 February 1816, FHL film number 1041704, accessed February 2016. 11. McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1853:155, Thos. Gould, baker, Wm. Gould, hotel, Wm. Gould, baker; Philadelphia County Deed Book TH 5:483; 1860 U.S. census, 19th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, population schedule, p. 419 (stamped), p. 419 (penned) dwelling 2982, family 3327, Wm., Mary, and Elizabeth Gould; 1860 U.S. census, 19th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pop. sch., p. 827 (stamped), p. 357 (penned) dwell. 2538, fam. 2913, William, Mary, and Elizabeth Gould; McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1854:198, Wm. Gould; 1855:205, Wm. Gould; Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, 1869:617, Golden Fleece Hotel; “Charged with the Larceny of Cabbages,” Public Ledger (Philadelphia, PA), 22 November 1855, p. 1.12. 1860 U.S. census, North East Division of 18th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, population schedule, p. 176, dwelling 1110, family 1262, Gould family; Philadelphia County Deed Book TH 179:370; McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1859:266, Thos. Gould; 1860:366, Thomas Gould; 1861:366, Thomas Gould; 1862:249, Thomas Gould; McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1863:296, Thomas Gould, baker; 1864:277, Thomas Gould, gentleman; 1865:272, Thomas Gould, gentleman; 1866:284, Thomas Gould, gentleman; 1867:356, Thomas Gould, bakery; Philadelphia County Deed Book ADB 138:104; McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1864:678, Ann Sidebotham and Charles H. Sidebotham; 1865:618, Ann Sidebotham, Charles H. Sidebotham, George Sidebotham, bookkeeper, and George Sidebotham, clerk.13. McElroy, Philadelphia Directory, for 1858:253, Wm. Gould, baker, Wm. Gould, hotel; 1859:266, Wm. Gould, baker, 321, Joseph Hindley, tavern; 1860:441, Joseph Hindley, hotel; 1862:249, William Gould, baker, Clearfield ab Salmon, 589, Charles R. Scholey, hotel; 1864:277, William Gould, baker; 1865:272, William Gould, baker; 1866:284, William Gould, baker; Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1869:625, Mary Gould; 1870:637, Mary Gould; 1871:614, Mary Gould; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania City Death Certificates, 1803-1915. William Gould, 22 Sep 1866. Available online at familysearch.org, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JKQ2-L52, accessed December 2014; 1870 U.S. census, 24th [25th] Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pop. sch. (1st enum.), ED 81, p. 629A (stamped), p. 99 (penned), dwell. 704, fam. 784, Mary Gould and Elizabeth Gould.44 | Vol 1 | 2016 | River Chronicles14. Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1868:671, Thomas Gould, baker, and Thomas Gould, waterman; 1869:625, Thomas Gould, boatman.15. Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1869:617, Golden Fleece Hotel, 1306, Charles R. Scholey and Charles R. Schooley; 1870:637, Thomas Gould; 1871:614, Thomas Gould; 1872:579, Thomas Gould; 1870 U.S. census, 24th [25th] Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pop. sch. (1st enum.), ED 81, p. 629A (stamped), p. 99 (penned), dwell. 706, fam. 786, Gould family.16. Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1874:215, Henry F. Bradley, baker, 553, Thomas Gould, 858, John C. McDonald; 1875:605, John T. Gould and Thomas Gould; 1876:601, John T. Gould and Thomas Gould; 1877:585, John T. Gould and Thomas Gould; 1878:621, Thomas Gould; 1879:638, James H. Gould, John T. Gould, and Thomas Gould; 1880:676, Thomas Gould; 1881:647, Thomas Gould.17. Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1868:1107, Hannah Massey, 1436, Anna Sidebotham, Charles H. Sidebotham, and George Sidebotham; 1869:1034, Hannah Massey, wid Joseph, 1348, Ann Sidebotham, Charles H. Sidebotham, and George Sidebotham; 1870:1063, Hannah Massey, wid Joseph; 1871:999, Hannah Massey, wid Joseph; 1870 U.S. census, 18th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 54, p. 316B (stamped), p. 144 (penned), dwelling 1025, family 1113, Massey family.18. Gopsill, Philadelphia City Directory, for 1874:1031, James Paine; 1875:619, Charles F. Gregg, 1167, James Paine, 1523, Alfred Vanhorn; 1876:615, Charles F. Gregg, 1170, James Paine, 1526, Alfred Van Horn; 1877:598, Charles [F.] Gregg, 1128, James Paine, 1476, Alfred Van Horn; 1878:1590, Alfred Van Horn; 1879:1290, Chalres Phillips, 1291, George Phillips, 1464, George Sheppard; 1880:1349, Charles Phillips, 1350, George Phillips; 1881:154, William W. Baxter, 575, Elisha W. Fox, 1309, Charles Phillips, 1310, George Phillips; 1882:717, Frank T. Henzel, 1228, George Pierce; 1880 U.S. census, 18th Ward, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, population schedule, enumeration district (ED) 333, p. 111A (stamped), p. 9 (penned), dwelling 82, families 91, Paine family; ED 342, p. 220A (stamped), p. 9 (penned), dwell. 89, fam. 93-94, Baxter and Fox; ED 342, p. 220B (stamped), p. 10, (penned), dwell. 92, fam. 98, Phillips family.19. “Anna Gould,” death notice, Philadelphia Inquirer, April 25, 1895, 7; Philadelphia County Deed Book WMG 31:503; “John T. Gould,” death notice, Philadelphia Inquirer, January 2, 1902, 15; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania City Death Certificates, 1803-1915. John T Gould, 28 Dec 1901. Available online at familysearch.org, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JX5T-SQ4, accessed December 2014.20. “Is Son’s Heir At Age of 104,” Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), December 19, 1902, 3; “Aged Man a Beneficiary,” Philadelphia Inquirer, December 20, 1902, 2; “Estates of the Dead,” Philadelphia Record, 20 December 1902, 5; “Heir to His Son’s Property,” Rocky Mountain News (Denver, Colorado), January 26, 1903, 4.21. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania City Death Certificates, 1803-1915. Thos. Gould, 19 Jan 1903. Available online at familysearch.org, https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/JK9B-H5S, accessed February 2014.22. Philadelphia County Deed Book WSV 227:116; WSV 342:469.23. “James Gould,” death notice, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 12, 1905, 7; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania City Death Certificates, 1803-1915. James Gould, 10 Jul 1905. Available online at familysearch.org, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:JXH2-421, accessed April 2015.24. Dallin Aerial Survey Co., Aerial Survey of Philadelphia, PA ([Philadelphia]: Dallin Aerial Survey Co., ca.1930), plate 9. Available online at http://www.philageohistory.org/geohistory/, accessed February 2016; Federal Works Progress Administration for Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Land Use Map, 1942 ([Philadelphia?]: Federal Works Progress Administration for Pennsylvania, 1942) plate 4B-1. Available online at http://www.philageohistory.org/geohistory/, accessed February 2016.River Chronicles | Vol 1 | 2016 | 45The Golden Fleece Hotel Samuel A. Pickard1. “Wholesale Robberies,” North American and United States Gazette [Philadelphia, PA], May 12, 1853, 1; “Robberies at Richmond,” Philadelphia Inquirer, May 12, 1853, 1; “Desperate Characters,” North American and United States Gazette, May 23, 1853, 1; “Desperate Fellows,” North American and United States Gazette, May 25, 1853, 1.2. “Much Ado About 1othing,” Public Ledger [Philadelphia, PA], January 13, 1854, 2.3. James Gopsill’s Sons, comp., Gopsill’s Philadelphia City Directory (Philadelphia, PA: James Gopsill’s Sons, 1874), 1013, William H. 1ugent; Gopsill’s PCD (1875), 1144, William H. 1ugent; Gopsill’s PCD (1876), 1148, William H. 1ugent; Gopsill’s PCD (1877), 1104, William H. 1ugent; Gopsill’s PCD (1878), 1191, William H. 1ugent; “A Remarkable Shot,” Times [Philadelphia, PA], June 15, 1876, 1; “Ex-Councilman Gilbert,” Philadelphia Inquirer, June 16, 1876, 3.4. Gopsill’s PCD (1879), 853, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1880), 900, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1881), 870, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1882), 827, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1883), 850, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1884), 627, Golden Fleece Hotel, 849, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1885), 936, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1886), 902, Anthony Keefe and Elizabeth Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1888), 927, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1889), 945, Anthony Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1890), 1247, James 1. Makin, 1422, Anthony 2’Keefe; Gopsill’s PCD (1891), 1249, James M. Makin; Gopsill’s PCD (1892), 1288, James 1. Makin; Gopsill’s PCD (1893), 1299, James 1. Makin; Gopsill’s PCD (1894), 1331, James 1. Makin; Gopsill’s PCD (1895), 1253, James 1. Makin; “Saloon-Keepers Indicted,” Times, June 29, 1886, 4; “Among the Politicians,” Times, July 15, 1888, 5; “Political Driftwood,” Philadelphia Inquirer, February 23, 1890, 2. Gardening Under Glass Mary C. Mills1. Arlene Palmer, Glass in Early America: Selections from the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum (Winterthur, DE: Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, 1993), 392²393.2. The Pennsylvania Packet, February 27, 1775, 3.3. Bernard M’Mahon, The American Gardener’s Calendar, Adapted to the Climates and Seasons of the United States (Philadelphia, PA: printed by B. Graves for the author, 1806), 12, accessed February 3, 2014, http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8v98176b.4. According to Beth Taormina in “Early Faunce Families, Fishtown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,” Christian R. Faunce and Margaret Huffsey were married at the First Presbyterian of Kensington by Rev. George Chandler on August 11, 1833. (1o publication date, compiled prior to January 1, 2005.)5. Frank H. Stewart, comp., “Journal of Samuel Huffsey, Glassblower Who Wrote of Historic Events” in The New Jersey Society of Pennsylvania Year Book for 1930, ed. /ouis B. Moffett (1ew Jersey Society for Pennsylvania, 1931), 97²104.46 | Vol 1 | 2016 | River ChroniclesRiver Chronicles extends its thanks to:And to all the contributors, who have worked tirelessly on the I-95/GIR Improvement Corridor Project and who have volunteered their time and scholarship to make this journal a reality.Next >